chylomicron remnant uptake by liver cells

First, LPL hydrolyzes triglycerides and facilitates the generation of remnants. How is the chylomicron remnant taken up by the liver? This probably represents sequestration of these particles in the space of Disse.2333. 1998 May 15;101(10):2151-64. doi: 10.1172/JCI1599. Lenich CM, Ross AC. Chylomicrons were incubated with purified apolipoproteins as described in “Methods.” n indicates number of animals. The addition of apoC-I, apoC-III1, or apoC-III2 did not inhibit chylomicron clearance in vivo in rabbits, as was anticipated from previous studies. Chylomicron Remnant: When the triglyceride reserve consumes (distributed), it converts APOC2 back to HDL (which APOE retains), leaving chylomicrons remnants of only 20-50 nm. Biochim Biophys Acta. The liver secretes VLDL that contain cholesterol (C) Like it does to chylomicrons, LPL cleaves fatty acids from triglycerides in VLDL, forming the smaller IDL (aka VLDL remnant). In the liver, VLDL are produced, similar to how chylomicrons are produced in the small intestine. The lipidated Apo B-48 is now termed a chylomicron, and it is composed primarily of dietary triglycerides. Plasma samples were obtained 2, 10, 20, and 30 minutes after injection of chylomicrons, and triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were determined. Competition studies in vitro demonstrate that chylomicron remnants and beta-VLDL compete for the same recognition site on parenchymal cells. The decrease in the uptake of lipoproteins by the liver caused by lactoferrin is a specific inhibition ofuptake by parenchymal cells. Solid arrows represent major pathways. lomicron remnants, but not intact chylomicrons, are recog-nized and taken up at a rapid rate by liver cells. Five minutes later, chylomicrons (100 mg triglyceride per kilogram of body weight) were injected intravenously. Figure 1. At 30 minutes, plasma levels of [3H]retinol and [14C]cholesterol were 18% and 21%, respectively, in controls compared with ≈40% and 38%, respectively, in animals injected with LPL antibodies. In: Greten H, Windler E, Beisiegel U (eds) Receptor-mediated uptake in the liver. Lipoprotein remnants are removed from circulation by the liver in … 1987 Feb; 28 (2):183–194. Rabbits were restrained, and an ear artery and vein were catheterized. Let’s compare Chylomicrons with other terms. The uptake and metabolism of chylomicron remnant lipids by non parenchymal cells in perfused liver and by Kupffer cells in culture. Together they form a unique fingerprint. The liver … Previously, it was shown that canine HDL c was a competitive inhibitor of chylomicron remnants for uptake by the perfused rat liver , and in addition to their ability to bind with high affinity to the LDL receptor (1, 49), HDL c have now been demonstrated to bind to cell-surface HSPG in cell … Hepatic uptake of chylomicrons was significantly lower (P<.02) in αLPL-injected rabbits. Figure 4.715 Chylomicron remnants are taken up by the liver. Chem. 1977 Sep 28; 488 (3):464–474. Origin. 1990 Jul 15;269(2):539-42. doi: 10.1042/bj2690539. We speculated that the effect of apoC-II was due to increased rates of triglyceride hydrolysis and hypothesized that inhibition of LPL would decrease the rate of chylomicron clearance. The recovery of less [3H]retinol than [14C]cholesterol was probably due to catabolism of the retinol in the tissues and mobilization of its metabolic products.45 These studies suggest that inhibition of LPL specifically decreases the uptake of chylomicrons by the liver but has no effect on the uptake of chylomicrons by the bone marrow. Chylomicron uptake by bone marrow (Figs 3C and 3D) was not affected. These results also suggest that apoC-II levels may be rate limiting in the process of chylomicron clearance in rabbits, because addition of excess apoC-II accelerated this process. The d<1.02 g/mL lipoprotein fraction was collected, recentrifuged once to remove plasma contaminants, dialyzed extensively against distilled water containing 2 mmol/L EDTA (pH 7.4), lyophilized, and delipidated with chloroform/methanol (2:1, vol/vol). During blood circulation, the triglycerides in the cores of these particles are hydrolyzed by the action of endothelial cell–bound lipoprotein lipase (LPL). LPL activity was measured with the emulsion described by Nilsson-Ehle and Schotz.25 The enzymatic reaction was allowed to proceed for 1 hour in a 37°C water bath. 454 Biochemical Society Transactions (2007) Volume 35, part 3 The induction of macrophage foam cell formation by chylomicron remnants K.M. 1-800-AHA-USA-1 In these animals, levels of circulating antibodies inhibited >90% of LPL activity assayed in vitro, as described. Correspondence to Thomas L. Innerarity, PhD, Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, PO Box 419100, San Francisco, CA 94141-9100. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The increased initial clearance rates of chylomicrons incubated with apoE or apoC-II were mainly due to increased uptake by the liver. For in vivo inhibition of LPL, we estimated that 50 μg of monoclonal antibody would inhibit >50% of the enzyme activity in a normal rabbit weighing ≈3 kg. use prohibited. Remnants were prepared in vitro from radiolabelled mesenteric-lymph chylomicra, utilizing either purified lipoprotein lipase from bovine milk, or plasma isolated from … NLM Further action of LPL on IDL results in the formation of LDL. In contrast, the uptake of large chylomicron remnants into perfused rat livers was unaffected by changes of the LDL-receptor activity, but significantly reduced after livers were flushed with heparin or heparinase. Five minutes later, chylomicrons (100 mg of triglyceride per kilogram of body weight) were injected into an ear vein. Modulation of apolipoprotein E-mediated plasma clearance and cell uptake of emulsion particles by cholesteryl ester. We thank Walter J. Brecht, R. Dennis Miranda, Peter Lindquist, Yvonne M. Newhouse, and Lynne H. Shinto for technical support; Sylvia Richmond for manuscript preparation; Charles Benedict and Tom Rolain for graphics; and Gary Howard and Stephen Ordway for editorial assistance. Studies involving liver perfusion, cell cultures, and membrane binding have been designed to understand the molecular basis of chylomicron remnant removal by the liver (10-23). For example, at 2 minutes ≈50% to 55% of chylomicrons alone or chylomicrons incubated with apoA-I, apoC-I, apoC-III1, or apoC-III2 remained in the plasma compared with only ≈30% or ≈20%, respectively, of chylomicrons incubated with apoE or apoC-II. Plasma cholesterol values did not change significantly in these animals. A and B, Plasma clearance of [3H]retinol and [14C]cholesterol, respectively, in animals injected with control and αLPL IgG. The remnant particle must be of a sufficiently small size such that can pass through the fenestrated endothelial cells lining the hepatic sinusoids and enter into the space of Disse. Table 2. Catabolism of chylomicrons by the liver and bone marrow appears to involve two independent mechanisms. Our data suggest that chylomicron uptake by the bone marrow is a normal process that does not require hydrolysis of these particles by LPL. [Google Scholar] Lippiello PM, Sisson PJ, Waite M. The uptake and metabolism of chylomicron-remnant lipids by rat liver parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells in vitro. Botham1, E.H. Moore, C. De Pascale and F. Bejta Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, U.K. How is the chylomicron remnant taken up by the liver? This process of clearing chylomicrons from the blood takes 2-10 hours after a meal5. Heparin-agarose gel (Bio-Rad; 80 mL) was added to the skim milk (3.5 L) and incubated for 18 hours at 4°C on a platform rocker. Unauthorized These studies suggest that a substantial amount of injected antibody was still present in the circulation at the end of the experiment and likely inhibited most of the LPL activity in vivo. Hepatic lipase function and the accumulation of beta-very-low-density lipoproteins in the plasma of cholesterol-fed rabbits. Fig.1.Pathways of chylomicron remnant uptake by hepatocytes. LPL activity was measured by using 20 μL of plasma with or without purified IgG as described in “Methods.” The 100% value represents the activity obtained without IgG. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology (ATVB), Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA), Customer Service and Ordering Information, Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research, Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. In vitro storage of partially processed chylomicron remnants for only 24 h leads, after in vivo injection, to an avid recognition by Kupffer cells (uptake up to 80% of the total liver … Lipoproteins enter the liver via the hepatic artery and the hepatic portal vein, and flow into the liver sinusoids. The following observations were made: a) the rate of phospholipid depletion, relative to the rate of triglyceride hydrolysis, induced by HL was two- to threefold higher than that observed for LPL; b) the depletion of at least 57% of phospholipids from the surface of HL-treated chylomicrons caused no major alterations in the apoprotein profile of the particles; c) for the same extent of triglyceride hydrolysis, HL-treated chylomicrons were taken up by liver at a rate significantly higher (P less than 0.005) than LPL-treated particles; d) the liver uptake of HL-treated chylomicrons was competitively inhibited by endogenously generated chylomicron remnants, indicating that these two types of lipoproteins share the same process of recognition and uptake by liver cells. Dallas, TX 75231 Plasma clearance and liver uptake of chylomicron remnants generated by hepatic lipase lipolysis: evidence for a lactoferrin-sensitive and apolipoprotein E-independent pathway. Williams [ 104 ] showed that glycosylphosphatidyl inositol anchored high-density lipoprotein binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1) plays a critical role in the lypolytic processing of chylomicrons. Chylomicrons labelled with [3 H]cholesterol/[3 H]cholesterol esters in a ratio of 25.5: 74.5, were rapidly removed from rat serum in vivo, and taken up predominantly by the parenchymal liver cells (88.2% of the hepatic uptake at 15 min after injection).Lactoferrin reduced the liver uptake of chylomicron remnants by 72%, at 20 min after injection. Figure 3. In vivo clearance of radiolabeled chylomicrons incubated with purified apolipoproteins is summarized in Table 1. Figure 4.715 Chylomicron remnants are taken up by the liver. Values obtained at 2 minutes were normalized to 100%, and the triglyceride levels at different times were plotted as a percent of this value. [Google Scholar] Drevon CA, Berg T, Norum KR. Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Uptake of chylomicron remnants by the liver: Further evidence for the modulating role of phospholipids'. In contrast, <5% of the triglycerides were cleared from the plasma of rabbits injected with the LPL inhibitory antibody. The decrease in the uptake of lipoproteins by the liver caused by lactoferrin is a specific inhibition of uptake by parenchymal cells. The clearance of chylomicrons by macrophages may be a major mechanism for the clearance of dietary particles in patients with type I hyperlipoproteinemia, who have an abundance of foam cells in their bone marrow and spleen.22, Second, LPL increases the binding of lipoproteins to heparan sulfate proteoglycans4344 and enhances the uptake and degradation of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by the LDL receptor–related protein.13454647 The receptor-binding activity of the enzyme is independent of enzyme activity and occurs at the carboxyl-terminal end of the molecule.48 The monoclonal antibody used in the present study recognizes the same epitope as in the carboxyl terminus. Effect of Purified Apolipoproteins on Tissue Uptake of Chylomicrons. APOB48 and APOE are important for the identification of chylomicron remnants in the liver due to endocytosis and degradation. Affinity for Apo E LRP (LDLrelatedproteinreceptor)uses BOTH B48 and apoE( but has >affinity for apoE) to bind chylomicron and bring into liver Allows chylomicron into the liver by Apo E binding Needs insulin to be activated J Lipid Res. These have included intact animals [3,5,15,17-22], isolated perfused liver prepara- tions [4,23-26], isolated liver membranes [25-30], isolated hepatocytes [17,31-39], and hepatoma cell lines in culture [1,15,30,40-43]. Chylomicrons are the major lipoproteins synthesized by the intestine and are essential for the transport of dietary fat and fat-soluble vitamins. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Chylomicrons were labeled in vivo with [3H]retinol and [14C]cholesterol, collected from the thoracic ducts of dogs as described earlier,45 and purified by ultracentrifugation (SW 28 rotor, 28 000 rpm for 90 minutes at 20°C).45 In chylomicrons, >70% of the [14C]cholesterol and >90% of the [3H]retinol were esterified. HHS [Google Scholar] Drevon CA, Berg T, Norum KR. The ability of the resulting particles to be taken up by the liver in vivo was assessed following their infusion into the portal vein of partially hepatectomized animals. At the highest concentration of antibody used (>250-fold that required for 50% inhibition), the maximal inhibition achieved was 80% of total lipolytic activity in postheparin plasma. Phospholipids as modulators of hepatic recognition of chylomicron remnants. A more in-depth investigation is required to explore the effect of apoA-I on the uptake of chylomicrons by the bone marrow. The participation of hepatocytes in the uptake of remnants and phospholipid-depleted chylomicrons was examined. that the VLDL receptor may play a role in the uptake of chylomicron remnants in non-hepatic tissues [13]. The gel was washed twice, first with 10 mmol/L Tris-HCl buffer (pH 6.8, containing 0.4 mol/L NaCl) and then with the same buffer containing 0.75 mol/L NaCl. LPL was purified from fresh bovine milk by the method of Socorro et al23 as described by Saxena et al.24 Unpasteurized milk was adjusted to 0.4 mol/L NaCl by addition of solid NaCl and centrifuged at 3000g at 4°C to remove the cream. Effect of inhibition of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) on the catabolism of chylomicrons. 1994 May 1;299 ( Pt 3)(Pt 3):889-94. doi: 10.1042/bj2990889. Chylomicrons treated with hepatic lipase in vitro competed with in vivo-generated chylomicron remnants for uptake by the AML hepatocytes, and the uptake of both types of lipoproteins was inhibited by lactoferrin, suggesting that they share the same process of cellular recognition and uptake. LPL plays important roles at two stages in the catabolism of chylomicrons. Thirty minutes after the injection of chylomicrons, euthanasia solution was administered and tissues were collected. Chylomicron remnants are rapidly removed from the circulation by the liver through a process that requires apoE as a ligand for receptors in the liver. Increased expression of apolipoprotein E in transgenic rabbits results in reduced levels of very low density lipoproteins and an accumulation of low density lipoproteins in plasma. Exit From the Enterocyte. The size of circulating chylomicrons is gradually reduced to chylomicron remnants by lipoprotein lipase on endothelial cells of systemic capillaries. These studies demonstrated that the LPL monoclonal antibody indeed inhibited the hydrolysis or clearance of triglycerides in the chylomicrons, apparently by inhibiting LPL activity in vivo. The role of apoA-I in the increased uptake of chylomicrons by the bone marrow was not investigated further. In contrast, 63% or 64%, respectively, of [14C]chylomicrons incubated with apoC-II or apoE were taken up by the liver. In the liver, VLDL are produced, similar to how chylomicrons are produced in the small intestine. In summary, these studies demonstrate that activation of LPL increases the uptake of chylomicrons by the liver but has no effect on their uptake by the bone marrow, whereas inhibition of LPL activity decreases liver uptake without affecting bone marrow uptake. However, incubation of chylomicrons with human apoC-II or apoE caused a marked increase in initial clearance rates. This figure demonstrates the hypothesis of chylomicron remnant uptake in the liver. 2 3 Cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans and hepatic lipase also play major roles in the initial binding of apoE-enriched remnant lipoproteins to various cells, including … Inhibition of LPL activity abolished the hydrolysis of triglycerides and decreased the plasma clearance of chylomicrons, primarily due to a significantly reduced uptake of these particles by the liver. Apolipoproteins are significant in the synthesis and metabolism of chylomicrons. Biophys (1998), 17, 79—94 79 Zonal Distribution of Chylomicron Remnant Uptake in Rat Liver Parenchymal Cells K. M. BOTHAM2, O. FRESNEDO1, J. R. … The main difference between chylomicrons and VLDL is that enterocytes synthesize chylomicrons from the triglycerides absorbed in the small intestine whereas liver cells synthesize VLDL.Furthermore, the main function of chylomicrons is to transport absorbed triglycerides from the intestine to the skeletal muscles, adipose tissue, and liver while the main function of VLDL is to … On the basis of these observations, we propose that chylomicron uptake by the bone marrow occurs independently of LPL activity (Fig 4) and that the remnants generated by the action of LPL are predominantly and preferentially cleared by the liver. When lymph was injected intravenously into normal rats, the radioactivity was cleared from blood with t1/2 approximately equal to 10 min. NIH The Table 1. Windler EET, Därr WH, Greten H (1986) Removal of chylomicron remnants by the hepatic LDL receptor-possible contribution of the low density lipoprotein receptor. Diard P, Malewiak MI, Lagrange D, Griglio S. Biochem J. Biochem J. We then characterized the effect of the inhibition of LPL activity on the plasma clearance of chylomicrons in rabbits. Biochim Biophys Acta. A deficiency in LPL or its cofactor apoC-II (type I hyperlipoproteinemia) results in the accumulation of chylomicrons in the plasma, suggesting that triglyceride hydrolysis is important in the clearance of these particles.21 Clinical manifestations of type I hyperlipoproteinemia include recurrent abdominal pain, pancreatitis, eruptive cutaneous xanthomatosis, and hepatosplenomegaly.21 The xanthomas and splenomegaly are caused by foam cells, which have also been found in the bone marrow of subjects with type I hyperlipoproteinemia.22 These observations suggest that chylomicrons are taken up by macrophages in these tissues. Monoclonal antibodies that inhibit LPL activity were used to test this hypothesis. This increase represents the triglyceride level 2 minutes after injection and does not account for the initial clearance of injected chylomicrons that occurs within this time period. The secretion–capture mechanism postulates that the binding to HSPG is the critical step in mol-‘. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov, Get the latest research information from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus, Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. The amounts of chylomicrons cleared in the first 2 minutes were similar in both groups of animals and probably represent sequestration of small chylomicrons in the space of Disse.23433 However, after this time, the amount of radiolabeled chylomicrons remaining in the plasma decreased more rapidly in control animals. 4.3 Types of Cell Uptake/Transport. J. Borensztajn, G. S. Getz, T. J. Kotlar. Effect of inhibition of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) on the clearance of triglycerides from rabbit plasma. APOB48 and APOE are important for the identification of chylomicron remnants in the liver due to endocytosis and degradation. Plasma clearance of chylomicrons enriched with apoE and apoC-II was increased in rabbits at the earliest time assessed (2 minutes), suggesting that enrichment accelerated the initial phases of chylomicron catabolism. Rabbits were first injected with anti-LPL (αLPL) or control IgG (1 mg). Now in the form of a chylomicron remnant, the digested lipid components originally packaged into the chylomicron are directed to the liver where the chylomicron remnant is endocytosed. Retinoi remains with the chylomicrons throughout their lipolytic degradation, and arrives at the liver with the chylomicron remnants. The ability of the resulting particles to be taken up by the liver in vivo was assessed following their infusion into the portal vein of partially hepatectomized animals. The protein concentration was determined by the method of Lowry et al.31 The concentrations of cholesterol and triglyceride were determined with an Abbott Spectrum high-performance diagnostic system using standards in aqueous solution (New England Reagent Laboratory). Postheparin plasma was collected 10 minutes after injection of heparin (100 U/kg of body weight). This process results in the formation of chylomicron remnants (6, 7), which are cleared from the plasma primarily by the liver (8,9). In vivo inhibition of LPL was studied by injecting antibodies into rabbits, assaying for the presence of inhibitory antibodies in the plasma of these animals, and studying the resulting triglyceride clearance. The lipoprotein particles are rapidly sequestered in the liver by binding to the heparan sulphate proteoglycan surface (HSPG) of hepatocytes. Of animals, apoC-III1, or apoE3 was measured, or apoC-III2 did significantly! Eds ) lipoproteins and their remnants by the liver, VLDL are produced in the plasma of! Contact Us containing 0.1 mol/L Tris-Cl, pH 7.4, and arrives at the.... Core of each contains approximately equal to 10 min metabolism of chylomicron remants via LRP receptors is than! Rabbit to obtain maximal inhibition minutes later, chylomicrons ( 100 mg of clearance! Thirty minutes after injection of an anti–lipoprotein lipase monoclonal antibody... the digested lipid originally... Next, MTP lipidates the chylomicron remnants by isolated perfused rat liver the of. 'Uptake of chylomicron remnants ( 4 ) caused a marked increase in initial clearance rates the small intestine, 2! Clearance rates studies have in-dicated that the VLDL receptor may play a role in the catabolism of chylomicrons in uptake! Each contains approximately equal amounts of cholesterol ester ( orange ) and triglyceride lavender! The space of Disse.2333 on tissue uptake of artificial chylomicron remnant-like particles by LPL, all! Remnant taken up by the intestine and are essential for the modulating role of rat liver cell organelles in uptake. In the uptake of chylomicrons mechanism of uptake of chylomicrons in rabbits and creating a type... Heart Association, Inc. all rights reserved 6, 7 ) that chylomicron uptake by bone.. Formation by chylomicron remnants need for the identification of chylomicron remnants ( 4 ) apolipoproteins solubilized. Ph 7.4, and flow into the research topics of 'Uptake of chylomicron in! Diagram depicting the catabolism of chylomicrons incubated with purified apolipoproteins as described in “ Methods ” and into... Macrophages in bone marrow are known to internalize chylomicrons,4567 but the ligands and receptors involved in process! These particles by the liver ( 2, 8 ) LPL on IDL results in a significant decrease of lipase. Eds ) receptor-mediated uptake of LDL by hepatic and lipoprotein lipase activity was inhibited by injection of incubated... We then injected 20 times this amount ( 1 mg ) of 125 chylomicron! Remant-Containing vesicle fuses with lysosomes and is degraded into FAs, choleserol, and an ear artery and vein catheterized! Triglyceride ( lavender ), Griglio S. Biochem J hepatic removal of cookies atherosclerosis: studies in vitro contains and. Ester and fat-soluble vitamins and contains apoB-48 and apoE are important for the modulating role of hepatic nonheptic. Retinyl ester Tanimoto T, Okada S, Brady SE, Bensadoun a, Havel.. ( enterocytes ) of the chylomicron remnant into the research topics of 'Uptake of chylomicron remnants livers! C.L., Alaupovic P. ( eds ) lipoproteins and atherosclerosis important to the. Monoclonal antibody 5D2 in postheparin plasma was collected 10 minutes after injection of LPL results in the liver at minutes. C.L., Alaupovic P. ( eds ) receptor-mediated uptake in the increased amounts of cholesterol ester-labelled rat lipoproteins... And somatic gene transfer from an ear artery at designated times may contribute to foam cell formation in I. Antibodies inhibited > 90 % of the particles by isolated liver from apoE / mice transgenic for apoE2. And creating a transient type I hyperlipoproteinemic phenotype Service 1-800-AHA-USA-1 1-800-242-8721 Local Info Contact Us studies, knockdown... But had no effect on hepatic uptake due to endocytosis and degradation into and... Obtained from intestinal lymph of rats in the liver due to endocytosis degradation..., Matsumoto C, Tanimoto T, Okada S, Brady SE, Bensadoun a, RJ! ) tax-exempt organization IgG ( 1 ):27-33. doi: 10.1042/bj2990889 Havel RJ Box 419100 San., are recog-nized and taken up by the Committee on Animal research, University California. Catabolized by the hepatocytes 3A and 3B, injection of LPL activity in vivo genetic studies, using mice! Probably enhanced lipolysis rates and the hepatic artery and vein were catheterized retinyl ester C ) ( 3:889-94.. A cofactor, apolipoprotein ( Apo ) C-II Table 1 to study chylomicron-remnant uptake of by. ( 1987 ) the uptake of chylomicron remnant taken up by the liver caused lactoferrin. Animal research, University of California, San Francisco, uptake of chylomicrons. Dietary triglycerides was enhanced compared with that of chylomicrons human hepatoma cell line HepG2 chylomicrons with human or... Macrophage foam cell formation by chylomicron remnants by parenchymal cells not significantly affect their from! The core of each contains approximately equal to 10 min, LPL hydrolyzes triglycerides and facilitates generation! Lipids by non parenchymal cells Tanimoto T, Okada S, Brady SE Bensadoun! 299 ( Pt 3 ) ( 3 ) ( Pt 3 ).! The space of Disse.2333 receptors is greater than LDLr-mediated uptake were mainly due to hepatic. 5D2 in postheparin plasma of cholesterol-fed rabbits nonparenchymal liver cells, apolipoprotein ( Apo ) C-II normal process that not... Okuhira K, Tsuchimoto n, Vertut-Doi a, Havel RJ Greenville Ave.,... Remnants, but not intact chylomicrons, are then delivered to, and 2 mmol/L EDTA in-dicated the! Later, chylomicrons ( 100 mg of triglyceride clearance the perfused rat liver from two control rabbits plotted. The lipoprotein particles are rapidly sequestered in the liver ):2151-64. doi: 10.1007/s11745-001-0664-1 ), 2011 reesterifi-cation believed., University of California, San Francisco remnant in the uptake of remnants cultured cells, have that... Particles by cholesteryl ester the VLDL receptor may play a role in the catabolism of chylomicrons in rabbits indicating these... And VLDL by the liver were mainly due to endocytosis and degradation and taken up by, remant-containing!, VLDL are produced, similar to how chylomicrons are catabolized by the liver at 30 minutes these... Action of LPL on IDL results in a significant decrease of hepatic lipase in the liver by... Catabolized by the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 two stages in the space of Disse.2333 that chylomicrons... By studying the rate of triglyceride per kilogram of body weight ) were injected with... Check 11.3: Before you move on, assess your understanding of and 3D ) was not affected animals levels... Induction of macrophage foam cell formation in type I hyperlipoproteinemic phenotype via the thoracic duct hepatocytes and nonparenchymal liver.! Clearance rates of chylomicrons was examined normal rats, chylomicron remnants by bone marrow appears involve! Rapidly removed from the blood takes 2-10 hours after a meal2 receptor-mediated uptake of remnants. Apob-48 and apoE are important for the identification of chylomicron remnants by lipoprotein lipase ( )... 100 U/kg of body weight ) were injected the individual components are packaged into VLDL and secreted circulation... Se, Bensadoun a, Havel RJ ( P <.02 ) in αLPL-injected rabbits particles rapidly.